Database for Ice Measurements at Norströmsgrund 2000

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General

The lighthouse was occupied for about 8 weeks. A team of 2 to 3 scientist, engineers and technicians controlled and maintained the instruments and carried out the measurements. The winter was a relative mild one. The measuring campaign could be divided into three phases:
- February 26th to March 5th; during this phase the ice drift direction was predominant from northern to eastern directions; at the end of February the water stage was so high, that the ice load acted at the cable protection channel and no real forces could be determined.
- March 6th to March 31st, this period was characterized by mostly floe ice, open water and new ice.
- April 1st to April 17th; ice drift direction varied from North to South; water stage was on a height that the ice forces were acting on the upper half of the panels; at the end of the period the ice already got rotten.

During the year the following equipment have been used:
- Load panels 1-7 and 9 (panel 9 = 8 segments), placed in the waterline. The panels are mounted to the lighthouse in such a way, that they are facing the drift ice coming from the open sea. Dimensions of the panels are 1.2×1.6 m (four loads cells in the corners per panel, see progress_report.pdf and panel_dimensions.pdf). Note: Panel 3 was frozen and did not give correct loads.
- The panels covered approximately 144 degrees and the direction of ice-attack was from NNW to ESE.
- Three video cameras were used to record the movement of the ice
- The ice drift speed and direction was determined by manual image analysis of the video pictures. A 10x10m grid was marked on the ice, recorded and painted on the video screen. Ice drift speed and direction was determined by following single significant ice features passing the grid lines. A mean speed value was calculated from observed distance and measured time.
- Air Temperature: the sensor of a digital thermometer was installed in the North at the outside wall of the level at a height of about 20m above sea level. The display of this sensor was located in the measuring room of the lighthouse.
- Wind speed and direction: A wind speed and direction indicator was installed at the helicopter deck of the lighthouse about 28 m above sea level. The display of this sensor was located in the measuring room of the lighthouse.

Notations in the data files:
- SumPan1 = The sum of the load from all load cells in each panel (kN).
- Panel 91 = The load for the individual load cells for panel 9, in this case for load cell 1 (of eight). SumPan9 is the total sum for panel 91 to panel 98.
- In a second step the resultant force acting on the lighthouse was computed from the individual total forces of the panels. Because the panels are measuring the normal forces only, these were split into there components referring to a fixed N – E co-ordination system of the lighthouse. Forces induced by ice movement from North towards South, Fx, and East towards West, Fy, are defined positive.

Metrological Data

Meteorological data, Loleif_2000_environmental_data.xls, were manually sampled, documented in the log-book. Frequency distribution calculations were performed on wind speed and direction as well as ice drift speed and direction.
- air temperature, select: Air_Temperature_Time_Series_Winter_2000.jpg
- wind speed: Wind_Speed_Histogram_Winter_2000.jpg, Wind_Speed_Time_Series_Winter_2000.jpg
- wind direction: Wind_Direction_Histogram_Winter_2000.jpg, Wind_Direction_Time_Series_Winter_2000.jpg, Wind2000_Polar.jpg
- ice drift speed: Ice_Drift_Speed_Histogram_Winter_2000.jpg, Ice_Drift_Speed_Time_Series_Winter_2000.jpg,
- ice drift direction: Ice_Drift_Direction_Histogram_Winter_2000.jpg, Ice2000_Polar.jpg
- water stage: Water_Stage_Time_Series_Winter_2000.jpg
Ice charts

Illustration showing the location of load panels mounted on the lighthouse.
The following ice charts are available for the time period:
- ice000222.pdf
- ice000301.pdf
- ice000307.pdf
- ice000403.pdf
- ice000410.pdf
- ice000424.pdf
- ice000428.pdf
Ice thickness

As described earlier, the ice thickness was determined by:
- an echo sounder system located in 6-7 m water depth on the caisson of the lighthouse profiling the subsurface of the ice.
- an electromagnetic device and a laser distance meter profiling the surface and the subsurface of the ice.

In case of level ice, rafted ice and refrozen broken ice the results of both systems were in good agreement. For hummock ice and pressure ridges the sonar system gives the real subsurface of the ice, consolidated and unconsolidated part, while the ice thickness shown by the EM-device is presenting a value which is less then the subsurface determined by the echo sounder but larger then the consolidated layer.

- EM measurements 2000
- Sonar measurements 2000

 
Ice Compressive strength
One set of uniaxial compressive strength tests were performed on a test frame which was brought to the lighthouse by LTU. The tests were carried out directly after sampling the ice at an air temperature close to 0°C. Ten specimen were tested, eight having the load applied perpendicular to the growth direction and two specimen were tested with applied load parallel to the growth direction. The ice temperature of the specimen was near the melting point at about –0.2 °C. The average strain rate during the tests was about 2 x 10-4 s-1 . In Ice_mech_prop_2000.xls the results of these tests are compiled together with the specimen geometry, the loading direction and the sampling section.
Pictures have been taken the following dates:
- 2000-03-03 - 2000-03-20 - 2000-03-26 - 2000-03-31 - 2000-04-05
- 2000-03-15 - 2000-03-21 - 2000-03-27 - 2000-04-01  
- 2000-03-17 - 2000-03-23 - 2000-03-29 - 2000-04-02  
- 2000-03-18 - 2000-03-25 - 2000-03-30 - 2000-04-03  
Measured data during the year 2000 has been compiled for the following dates:
Table 1 - Data for the 1st of March Table 6 - Data for the 7th of March Table 11 - Data for the 1st of April Table 16 - Data for the 13th of April
Table 2 - Data for the 3rd of March Table 7 - Data for the 16th of March Table 12 - Data for the 3rd of April Table 17 - Data for the 14th of April
Table 3 - Data for the 4th of March Table 8 - Data for the 18th of March Table 13 - Data for the 4th of April Table 18 - Data for the 17th of April
Table 4 - Data for the 5th of March Table 9 - Data for the 26th of March Table 14 - Data for the 5th of April  
Table 5 - Data for the 6th of March Table 10 - Data for the 31st of March Table 15 - Data for the 12th of April  

Table 1 - Data for the 1st of March. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End   b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction      
0103_0010 2000-03-01 5:00:00 10:40:00 - - - - - 01030500.txt - - - -8.0 - Data file Sonar: 00301, Data file EM: 000301, Data file Laser: 01032000
  2000-03-01 5:07:00 - 0.50 CP C 0.10 NE - - - - - - water stage has dropped a little, all panels are showing forces
  2000-03-01 8:00:00 - - FI - - - - - - E -6.0 - wind direction changed to E (very weak); end of closed pack ice; now floe ice 
  2000-03-01 9:45:00 - - - - 0.11 SE - - 4 E -5.4 - ice drift direction has changed to SE, snowfall
  2000-03-01 10:00:00 - - - - - S - - - - - - ice drift direction is from south to north
  2000-03-01 10:40:00 - - - - - SW - - - - -0.4 - ice drift direction is now from SW to NE; no load on panels; stopped force, em + laser measurements
  2000-03-01 17:46:00 21:30:00 - - C 0.15 NNE 01031746 - 9 N -10.0 - started new measurement; still high water level; zero for sonar abt. 7.1m; zero for laser abt. 26m; drifting snow 
  2000-03-01 21:20:00 - 0.45 - C 0.20 ENE - - - - -11.2 - -
0103_0030 2000-03-01 21:30:00 0:00:00 - - - - - 01032130.txt 0103_0030.mpg - - - 30 started new measurement.
  2000-03-01 23:52:00 - - OW - - - - - - - - - water level measured by sonar 7.02 m during open water phase

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table 2 - Data for the 3rd of March. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End   b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a  
  2000-03-03 7:50:00 - - OW - - - - - 9 W -8.6 - Data file Sonar: 00303, Data file EM: 000303, Data file Laser: 03032000
  2000-03-03 12:20:00 - - - - - S - - - - -7.0 - ice movement from South, very slow speed; no wind, sunshine; installed addional pipes at EM-frame
  2000-03-03 12:30:00 16:10:00 - - B + BU - - - - - - - 1 started longterm measurement; started laser + sonar; water level is abt. top of the panel; bending + buckling failure, see camera 1+2
  2000-03-03 13:00:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - started EM-Measurements
  2000-03-03 13:12:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - throw a marker onto the ice for speed determination; took 4 photos, 2-8 to 2-11
0303_0020 2000-03-03 16:10:00 20:23:00 - - - - E 0303_020.txt 0303_0021.mpg
0303_0022.mpg		 - - - - started new measurement; 
  2000-03-03 16:35:00 - - R - - - - - 6 E - - ridging in the East infront of the lighthouse, 2-12
  2000-03-03 18:35:00 - 0.35 - - 0.20 E - 0303_0023_24_25.mpg 13 E -9.2 - -
  2000-03-03 18:50:00 - 0.35 - C 0.17 E - 0303_0023_24_25.mpg - - - - -
0303_0040 2000-03-03 20:23:00 1:31:00 0.38 - - 0.20 E 03032023.txt 0303_0041.mpg
0303_0042.mpg		 - - -9.6 - started new measurement; 

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table 3 - Data for the 4th of March. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
  2000-03-04 1:31:00 7:55:00 - - - - NE - - - - -9.6 - Data file laser: 04032000, data file sonar: 00304, data file EM: 000304. started new measurement
  2000-03-04 1:48:00 - - - - 0.30 - - - - - - - -
  2000-03-04 1:55:00 - - - - - - - - 15 N - - snowfall
  2000-03-04 1:57:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - zero for sonar abt. 7m
  2000-03-04 2:00:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - rafting at lighthouse, several layer 
  2000-03-04 7:55:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stopped measurement
  2000-03-04 10:56:00 - - - - - NE - - 15 N -7.6 - alldata back up; still only slush and pancake ice, no forces on panels, sonar, laser + em are recording, no load recording
  2000-03-04 12:30:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - zero for sonar 6.7m ??
0403_0020 2000-03-04 13:47:00 15:45:00 - TNI C 0.3 NE 0403_020.txt - 18 N -5.8 10 started new measurement; very weak ice
  2000-03-04 15:45:00 - - - - - - - -- 20 N - - stopped force reording; to much open water, no ice
  2000-03-04 21:43:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stopped TL-recording
  2000-03-04 21:45:00 - - - - - NE - - 20 N - - started TL-recording 72h mode; only broken ice floes and slush ice; no forces are recorded
  2000-03-04 23:10:00 - - OW - - - - - - - - - zero for sonar abt. 6.6m ??
  2000-03-04 23:20:00 8:00:00 - - - - - - - - - - 10 started new force recording

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table 4 - Data for the 5th of March. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
0503_0010 2000-03-05 0:26:00 - - TI - - NE 0503_010.txt - 20 N -7.8 10 thin ice, breaking into floes at the lighthouse. Data file Sonar: 00305, Data file EM: 000305, Data file Laser: 05032000
  2000-03-05 0:29:00 - - - C 0.30 - - - - - - - crushing at panel 5+6 in the north, open lead in the east
  2000-03-05 0:47:00 - - - C - - - - - - - - no real confinement, ice floes are beaking into parts at the lighthouse
  2000-03-05 0:52:00 - 0.40 - C 0.30 NE - 0503_0011.mpg - - - - confined condition
  2000-03-05 1:17:00 - - - - 0.30 NE - 0503_0011.mpg - - - - -
  2000-03-05 5:15:00 - - - - 0.40 NE - 0503_0013.mpg - - - - -
  2000-03-05 5:30:00 - - - - - - - 0503_0013.mpg - - - - Lulea water level = -20
  2000-03-05 8:00:00 - - BI - - E - - 18 N -9.0 - stopped force reording, no forces, only broken ice
  2000-03-05 8:15:00 11:12:00 - NI - 0.40 NE - - - - - 10 started new force recording
  2000-03-05 8:21:00 - 0.05 FR - - - - - - - - - -
  2000-03-05 8:24:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stopped em-measurement
  2000-03-05 8:35:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - started new em-recording, short open water period zero sonar abt. 6.7m
  2000-03-05 8:39:00 - - H - 0.35 NE - - - - - - less confinement
  2000-03-05 11:12:00 - - OW - - - - - - - - - stopped force recording; open water around the lighthouse; took new zero  nu050300.sp8
  2000-03-05 12:17:00 13:24:00 - - - - - 05031217.txt - - - - - start force measurement
  2000-03-05 13:24:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stopped force measurement
  2000-03-05 13:49:00 - - OW - - - - - - - - - sonar zero = 6.75 m
  2000-03-05 15:37:00 16:49:00 - - - - - - - - - - - start force measurement
  2000-03-05 16:49:00 - - OW - - - - - - - - - stopped force measurement; sonar zero = 6.76 m
  2000-03-05 19:00:00 23:42:00 - - - 0.30 NE - - 10 NE -7.6 10 start force measurement
  2000-03-05 23:42:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stopped force measurement
  2000-03-05 23:47:00 8:47:00 - FI - v - - - - NE -9.4 - Start force measurement; low winds; sonar zero = 6.79, Lulea water stage = +4

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table 5 - Data for the 6th of March. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
  2000-03-06 8:47:00 - - NI - - SSW - - 10 S -10.6 - Data file laser: 06032000, data file sonar: 00306, data file EM:000306. stopped all measurements, backup data;
  2000-03-06 12:22:00 - - OW - - - - - 13 S - - sonar zero = 7.10 m, Lulea water stage = +37
  2000-03-06 13:40:00 - - - - - S - - 13 S - - started laser+EM measurement; pnly panel 7+2 catch very low forces; snow
  2000-03-06 13:45:00 16:00:00 - - - 0.30 SSE 06031345.txt - - - - 10 started force measurement
  2000-03-06 14:40:00 - - - - 0.20 SSE - - - - - - -
  2000-03-06 15:18:00 - - - - 0.20 SSE - - - - - - -
  2000-03-06 15:50:00 - - - - 0.22 S - - - - - - -
  2000-03-06 16:00:00 18:54:00 - - - - - 06031600.txt - - - - 30 started force measurement
  2000-03-06 17:10:00 - - - - 0.16 ESE - - 13 S -8.6 - -
  2000-03-06 18:16:00 - - H - 0.17 SSE - - - - - - loghthouse is vibrating
  2000-03-06 18:20:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - EM stopped with runtime error, saved data and restarted
  2000-03-06 18:34:00 - - - - 0.10 SE - - - - - - -
  2000-03-06 18:40:00 - - - - 0.10 - - - - - - - -
  2000-03-06 18:50:00 - - PU - - - - - 9 S -8.2 - grounded ice pile up in the south, see camera 2; ridge is grounded at sonar too; no forces on panels; ice is going threw the pile not on top of the pile. Pictures 15, 16, 17.
  2000-03-06 18:54:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stopped force measurement
  2000-03-06 19:00:00 19:59:00 - - BU - S 06031900.txt - - - - - started new force measurement; buckling infront of the pile
  2000-03-06 19:08:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  2000-03-06 19:18:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - ice wedge disappeares; Lulea water stage = +59
  2000-03-06 19:24:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - part of the grounded ice wedge is still in place
  2000-03-06 19:28:00 - - - - 0.06 ESE - - - - - - -
  2000-03-06 19:35:00 - - H - 0.06 SE - - 7 S -8.6 - -
  2000-03-06 19:46:00 - 0.30 L - - - - - - - - - -
  2000-03-06 19:57:00 - - - - 0.10 SE - - - - - - -
  2000-03-06 20:00:00 20:57:00 - - - - - 06032000.txt - - - - 10 started new force recording
  2000-03-06 20:06:00 - - - - 0.05 - - - - - - - -
  2000-03-06 20:42:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - ice movement stopped
  2000-03-06 20:54:00 - - - - - E - - - - - - very small drift speed, almost static load condition
  2000-03-06 21:00:00 6:33:00 - - - - - - - - - - 1 started longterm force recording

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table 6 - Data for the 7th of March. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
  2000-03-07 6:33:00 9:00:00 - - C 0.10 NE 07030633.txt - 9 N -9.6 30 Data file laser: 07032000, data file sonar: 00307, data file EM: 000307.start new force recording
  2000-03-07 6:48:00 - - - - 0.11 NE - - - - - - -
  2000-03-07 7:15:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - Lulea water stage = +53
  2000-03-07 8:25:00 - - R - - - - - - - -11.8 - -
  2000-03-07 9:00:00 11:07:00 - - - 0.15 NNE 07030900.txt - - - -12.2 30 start new force recording
  2000-03-07 9:10:00 - - H - 0.15 N - - 7 N - - hummocked ice
  2000-03-07 10:36:00 - - R - - NE - - - - - - problem with load cell 3 of panel 1; passing a ridge
  2000-03-07 10:45:00 - - G - 0.20 N - - 10 N -10.4 - sunshine; grounded ice wedge in the north. Pictures: 20 - 24
  2000-03-07 11:07:00 13:45:00 - G - 0.26 N 07031107.txt - 11 N - 30 start new force recording; Lulea water stage is +45; still ice wedge in the North
  2000-03-07 11:55:00 - - - - 0.20 N - - - - - - problem with load cell 3 of panel 1 solved, 
  2000-03-07 12:30:00 - - RC - - - - - - - - - EM-Computer restarted after shut down; one file has length 0; release crack in the north
  2000-03-07 13:45:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stopped measurement; very thin ice is coming; start installation of acc. and inc.
  2000-03-07 17:15:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - restarted laser and sonar collection, sonar reading 7.12 m facing thin ice 
  2000-03-07 18:20:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - acc. and inc. are connected
  2000-03-07 19:38:00 20:00:00 - - - - N - - - - - - start new force recording, now with acc. + inc. (Test) 
  2000-03-07 20:00:00 21:00:00 - - - 0.15 NNW - - 13 W - 30 start new force recording
  2000-03-07 21:18:00 - - - - - - - - - - -10.0 - -
  2000-03-07 21:00:00 22:40:00 - - - - W - - - - - 10 start new force recording
  2000-03-07 22:40:00 - - - - - W - - - - - - stop force measurement

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table 7 - Data for the 16th of March. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
  2000-03-16 8:34:00 - 0.10 TLI - - NW - - 6 NE -7.0 - Data file laser: 16032000, data file sonar; 00316.measured water level = 23 cm below top of the panel
  2000-03-16 8:52:00 12:02:00 - - - - - - - - - - - started new force recording
  2000-03-16 10:50:00 - 0.10 - B 0.01 ENE - - 6 NNW - - -
  2000-03-16 11:07:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  2000-03-16 12:02:00 15:06:00 - - CR - - - - - - - 1 started long term measurement
  2000-03-16 12:07:00 - - - - - - - - 4 NNW -4.2 - -
  2000-03-16 15:06:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stopped force recording; nothing was happening during the last 2 hours
  2000-03-16 18:00:00 - - - - - NE - - 6 N -3.2 - ice starts to move from N ---> S
  2000-03-16 18:20:00 21:05:00 - - - - - - - - - - 1 started long term measurement
  2000-03-16 19:40:00 - - - B - E - - 6 N -3.6 - very slow ice drift speed; almost static load condition
  2000-03-16 21:05:00 21:57:00 - - B 0.01 E - - - - -5.4 30 started new force recording
  2000-03-16 21:17:00 - - - - - - - - 6 NNW - - water level abt. 30 cm below top of the panels
  2000-03-16 21:57:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stopped force recording
1603_0050 2000-03-16 22:00:00 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 started long term measurement
  2000-03-16 22:29:00 - 0.10 - B 0.04 E - - - - - - weak ice

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table 8 - Data for the 18th of March. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
  2000-03-18 0:00:00 8:00:00 - - - - - - - - - - - Data file laser: 18032000, data file sonar: 00318, data file EM: 000318.
  2000-03-18 8:00:00 - - BI - - SSW - - - - -3.6 - stop force recording
  2000-03-18 9:25:00 - - BI - - S - - 6 S -3.6 - -
  2000-03-18 15:07:00 17:20:00 - - - - - 18031508.txt - - - - 10 start new force recording
  2000-03-18 15:20:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - water level abt. 18 cm below top of the panels
  2000-03-18 17:20:00 20:27:00 - - - 0.12 NE 18031720.txt - 6 N - 10 start new force recording; unconfined condition; lot of open water patches; cracks are running towards open water patches
  2000-03-18 17:40:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - open water at sonar; reading = 6.98
  2000-03-18 17:45:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop TL-recording
  2000-03-18 17:48:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - start TL-recording; em reading over open water = 2.7 m
  2000-03-18 18:05:00 - 0.18 L B - NE - - - - - - -
  2000-03-18 18:25:00 - 0.15 - - 0.08 - - - - - - - -
  2000-03-18 18:57:00 - 0.15 - B 0.09 ENE - - - - - - weak ice
  2000-03-18 19:10:00 - 0.15 - - 0.09 ENE - - 5 N -6.8 - -
  2000-03-18 20:27:00 - 0.16 - B - - - - - - - - very slow ice movement; creeping; stopped force recording for data back up
  2000-03-18 23:45:00 - - OW - - - - - - - - - sonar reading = 6.96; em reading = 2.91

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table 9 - Data for the 26th of March. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
  2000-03-26 3:05:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - Data file laser: 26032000,data file sonar: 00326, data file EM: 000326. stop and restart em system
  2000-03-26 4:05:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - time change, summer time, was done automatically for force recording; all other systems will be set manually
  2000-03-26 8:54:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop and restart em system
  2000-03-26 8:55:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop force recording
2603_0020 2000-03-26 8:58:00 15:00:00 - RFI - - NE - - 7 N - 1 start new force recording
  2000-03-26 12:30:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - em system failed
  2000-03-26 15:00:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop all recordings
  2000-03-26 15:05:00 18:57:00 - - - - - - - - - - - start all systems; all clocks now on summertime; ecxept sonar and TL-video
  2000-03-26 15:24:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - em system failed
  2000-03-26 18:57:00 - - OW - - - - - 3 W -3.4 1 start new ice force recording
  2000-03-26 21:56:00 4:06:00 - - - W - - - - - - - -

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table 10 - Data for the 31st of March. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
  2000-03-31 0:01:00 - - - - - NNE - - 10 NW 2.6 10 Data file laser: 31032000, data file sonar: 00331. start new force recording
  2000-03-31 9:39:00 20:25:00 - - - - ENE - - 4 NE -2.2 10 start new force recording
  2000-03-31 11:28:00 - - - - 0.06 E - - 3 E -2.0 - -
  2000-03-31 13:03:00 - - - - - ESE - - - - 1.6 - calm wind
  2000-03-31 18:32:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - new tape in TL-recorder
  2000-03-31 20:25:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop force recording
3103_0030 2000-03-31 20:32:00 0:00:00 - - - - - 3103_030.txt - - - - - -
  2000-03-31 23:05:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - snowfall

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table 11 - Data for the 1st of April. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
0104_0010 2000-04-01 0:00:00 07:15 - - - - - - - - - - - Data file sonar:00401.asc , data file Laser: 01042000
  2000-04-01 1:00:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - Laser scanner restarted after overflow error; strong vibrations
0104_0020 2000-04-01 7:15:00 10:49:00 - - - - - 0104_020.txt - - - - 10 start new force recording
  2000-04-01 7:53:00 - - RI - - NNE - - 13.0 N -6.2 - refrozen broken ice + channel; small ridges incorporated
  2000-04-01 8:57:00 - - - - 0.3 NE - - 13.1 N - - camera 3 is pointing towards North
  2000-04-01 10:15:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - started real time video
0104_0030 2000-04-01 10:49:00 12:15:00 0.13 - - - - 0104_030.txt - 13.9 NNE -7.8 100 started new force recording; ice thickness of some floes abt. 25 cm
  2000-04-01 12:15:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stopped force recording; new zero 010400.sp8
0104_0040 2000-04-01 12:17:00 16:36:00 - OW - - - - - 12.5 - -7.2 10 started new force recording
0104_0050 2000-04-01 16:36:00 18:15:00 0.20 LF - - NE 0104_050.txt 0104_0054.mpg
0104_0055.mpg		 12.9 N -5.2 100 started new force recording
0104_0060 2000-04-01 18:15:00 18:19:00 - - - - - - - 12.5 NNE -5.2 10 started new force recording
0104_0070 2000-04-01 18:19:00 19:59:00 - - - - - 0104_060.txt - - - - 100 started new force recording
0104_0080 2000-04-01 19:59:00 21:09:00 - - - - - 0104_070.txt - - - - 100 started new force recording
0104_0090 2000-04-01 21:09:00 22:18:00 - - - - - 0104_080.txt - - - - 100 started new force recording
  2000-04-01 22:18:00 0:14:00 - - - - - 0104_090.txt - - - - 100 started new force recording
  2000-04-01 22:20:00 - 0.20 UI - - - - - 10.6 N -7.0 - -

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table12 - Data for the 3rd of April. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
0304_0010 3000-04-03 0:00:00 9:58:00 - - - - - - - - - - - Data file sonar:00403.asc , data file Laser: 03042000
0304_0020 3000-04-03 9:58:00 12:34:00 0.20 - - - - 0304_020.txt - - - -6.4 10 start new force recording; ice thickness of large floes is abt 30to35cm; between large floes 5-15cm
  3000-04-03 11:13:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - large floe is pressing on panel 8+9
  3000-04-03 11:42:00 - - - - - SSE - - 6.0 E -5.8 - -
0304_0030 3000-04-03 12:34:00 14:25:00 0.18 - - - - 0304_030.txt - - - - 100 start new force recording
  3000-04-03 13:13:00 - 0.13 - - - - - - - - - - -
0304_0040 3000-04-03 14:25:00 17:50:00 - - - - - 0304_040.txt - - - - 10 start new force recording
  3000-04-03 15:12:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - restart sonar system after pc crash
  3000-04-03 17:50:00 - - - SL - - - - - - - - stopped measurements, cable  of panel 1 was broken in connection box, O.K. again; synchronized time, 2 min difference loleif 1 --- loleif3 (l1 = 17:50 l3 = 17:52), 1 h loleif1 --- TL recorder; new tape in TL recorder
  3000-04-03 18:08:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - start TL recording 72h mode  Tape #12
0304_0050 3000-04-03 18:10:00 21:52:00 - - SL - - - - - - - 1 start ice force recording; still static load condition
  3000-04-03 18:12:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - start laser scanner data collection; corrected date and time; date set to 03.04.  Was 06.04.
  3000-04-03 18:14:00 - 0.60 - SL - - - - 6.9 E -3.8 - water level = 1.05m, top of poygon steel shield; drilled two holes, ice thickness measured to 60 cm, but before it was probably only 30 cm when the ice was still moving
0304_0060 3000-04-03 21:52:00 23:02:00 - - C 0.18 SE 0304_060.txt 0304_0061.mpg - - - 30 start new force recording; ice starte to move again
  3000-04-03 23:02:00 - - FL - - SE - - 8.4 SE -4.2 10 start new force recording; drifting snow

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table 13 - Data for the 4th of April. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
  2000-04-04 7:45:00 - - - - 0.12 SSE - - 8.7 SE -3.2 - Data file laser: 04042000, data file sonar: 00404.asc, data file EM: 000404.stop force recording; snow
  2000-04-04 7:51:00 10:44:00 - - - - - - - - - - 10 start new force recording
  2000-04-04 9:05:00 - - - - 0.10 SSE - - 6.6 SE -1.4 - -
  2000-04-04 10:44:00 - - - - - SW - - 6.4 SSE 0.0 - Stopped force recording, zero condition for panels; took new zero
  2000-04-04 13:20:00 - - - - - - - - 3.6 N -1.0 - -
  2000-04-04 13:42:00 16:54:00 - - - - N - - - - - 1 slow drift speed
  2000-04-04 15:00:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - EM system installed and calibration running; unfortuneately over edge of 60cm thick floe laser=1.7m
  2000-04-04 16:00:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - EM measurement started at 0.5 Hz, currently over floe edge. dEM = 3.00m  Laser 1.7m above water level
  2000-04-04 16:20:00 - - - - - N - - 5.8 N - - ice starts to move from N ---> S
0404_0040 2000-04-04 16:54:00 19:35:00 - U - - NE - - 6.5 N -2.6 10 started new force recording; release cracks due to open water around
  2000-04-04 17:30:00 - 0.25 U - - - - - - - - - typical ice thickness 25cm; water level 1m below "Stahlkante"; unconfined ice, braking into fragments infront of us; some buckling at ice thickness of 10cm
  2000-04-04 18:54:00 - - G - - - - - - - - - grouded wedge infront of lighthouse in NE
  2000-04-04 19:10:00 - - OC - - - - - 5.8 N -3.6 - open channel filled with broken ice pieces infront of lighthouse
0404_0050 2000-04-04 19:35:00 21:00:00 - - - 0.20 ENE 0404_040.txt - 6.0 N - 10 start new force recording
  2000-04-04 19:48:00 - 0.13 - B 0.20 E - - - - - - bending failure due to lot of snow on ice surface; release crack opens again
  2000-04-04 19:58:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - snow load is to high, initiates the bending failure, no crushing; detail analysis of short crushing sequences
  2000-04-04 20:25:00 - - - C - - - - - - - - -
  2000-04-04 21:00:00 23:00:00 - - - - E 0404_050.txt - 9.3 N -4.2 10 start new force recording
  2000-04-04 21:02:00 - 0.20 - RC - - - - - - - - release crack i East
  2000-04-04 21:07:00 - - RI - 0.17 E - - - - - - refrozen deformed ice
  2000-04-04 22:45:00 - 0.15 - - 0.20 E - - 8.7 N -4.6 - drifting snow
  2000-04-04 22:51:00 - - - RC - - - - - - - - -
  2000-04-04 23:00:00 - - - - - - - - - - - 10 start new force recording
  2000-04-04 23:35:00 - - OW - - - - - - - - - sonar zero reading 6.65m
  2000-04-04 23:48:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - EM stopped and restarted

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

 

Table 14 - Data for the 5th of April. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
0504_0010 2000-04-05 0:00:00 8:08:00 - - - - - - - - - - - Data file laser: 05042000, data fle sonar: 00405.asc, data file em: 000405
  2000-04-05 8:00:00 - - R - - NNE - - 9.0 N -6.0 - -
  2000-04-05 8:05:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop force recording
  2000-04-05 8:08:00 9:04:00 - - - - - - - - - - 1 start new force recording
0504_0030 2000-04-05 9:04:00 10:22:00 - H M 0.20 NNE 0504_030.txt - - - - 10 start new force recording
  2000-04-05 9:09:00 - - - - 0.20 N - - 9.0 N - - -
  2000-04-05 9:18:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - EM stopped for back up
  2000-04-05 9:34:00 - - - - 0.20 NW - - - - - - -
  2000-04-05 9:55:00 - 0.20 - C - - - - - - - - lot of cracks with open water; sonar zero reading 6.56m
  2000-04-05 10:22:00 - - OW - - - - - 9.0 N - - slush ice doesn't allow a zero for sonar; snow; stop force recording
0504_0040 2000-04-05 10:26:00 11:00:00 0.33 - C 0.29 NNE 0504_040.txt - - - -6.6 10 start new force recording
  2000-04-05 10:36:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - EM restartet; approximate offset Zi=0.9m Sw=3.2ppt
  2000-04-05 10:42:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - open crack infront of lighthouse
  2000-04-05 10:52:00 - - - - 0.30 NE - - - - - - -
0504_0050 2000-04-05 11:00:00 12:00:00 - - - - - 0504_050.txt - - - - 30 start new force recording
  2000-04-05 11:13:00 - - - - 0.00 - - - - - - - ice movement stopped
  2000-04-05 11:27:00 - 0.30 - C 0.30 NNE - - 10.9 N -6.6 - -
  2000-04-05 11:34:00 - - R - - - - - - - - - passing a ridge; rubble pile initiates bending failure
  2000-04-05 11:39:00 11:44:00 - - - - - - - - - - - no sonar data; camera 3 adjusted
  2000-04-05 11:46:00 - - R - - - - - - - - - passing a ridge
  2000-04-05 11:55:00 - - - - 0.35 N - - 11.9 N -6.6 - -
0504_0060 2000-04-05 12:00:00 13:00:00 - - C 0.30 N 0504_060.txt - - - - 100 start new force recording
  2000-04-05 12:06:00 - - - - 0.33 N - - - - - - -
  2000-04-05 12:10:00 - - - - 0.33 - - - - - - - -
  2000-04-05 12:15:00 - 0.25 - - - - - - 12.3 N -6.4 - ice thickness estimation from J. Schwarz
  2000-04-05 12:37:00 - - U - - - - - 11.8 N -6.2 - unconfined ice condition due to crack in North
  2000-04-05 12:45:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - EM stopped
0504_0070 2000-04-05 13:00:00 14:00:00 - - - - - - - - - - 30 start new force recording
  2000-04-05 13:49:00 - 0.40 L C 0.33 NE - 0504_0078.mpg - - - - strong vibrations
  2000-04-05 13:51:00 - - - - - - - 0504_0079.mpg - - - - EM restarted
  2000-04-05 13:59:00 - - RC - - - - - - - - - -
0504_0080 2000-04-05 14:00:00 15:00:00 - - - - - 0504_080.txt - 10.9 N -6.4 30 start new force recording
  2000-04-05 14:22:00 - 0.50 - C 0.30 N - 0504_0081.mpg - - - - -
  2000-04-05 14:27:00 - 0.55 R B - - - - - - - - pssig thicker ice; ridge ???; ice does not have real strength, old ice with lot of snow on top (J.S.). #20 - #25
0504_0090 2000-04-05 15:00:00 16:00:00 - - M 0.30 N 0504_090.txt - 12.5 N -6.4 30 start new force recording; bending failure incorporated in crushing events
  2000-04-05 15:06:00 - 0.35 - - - - -

0504_0091_92.mpg
0504_0093.mpg

 - - - - -
  2000-04-05 15:48:00 - - RI  C 0.30 N - - 11.0 N -6.4 - refrozen broken ice; crushing event
0504_0100 2000-04-05 16:00:00 17:30:00 - - C - - 0504_100.txt - - - - 30 start new force recording
  2000-04-05 17:24:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - EM restarted 
0504_0110 2000-04-05 17:30:00 19:00:00 - - C 0.30 N 0504_110.txt - 12.3 N - 30 start new force recording
  2000-04-05 18:00:00 - - - - 0.30 NNW - - 13.0 - - - water level measurements:  2.2m = distance water surface ---> concret platform, 1.2m = distance water surface  ---> steel shield, 0.7m = distance water surface ---> top of panel; sonar zero reading = 6.4m
  2000-04-05 18:20:00 - - R - - - - - - - - - passing consolidated ridge; forces are increasing
  2000-04-05 18:50:00 - - - - 0.27 NNW - - 12.0 NW -5.4 - -
  2000-04-05 19:00:00 19:27:00 - - - - - - - - - - 30 start new force recording
  2000-04-05 19:27:00 - - U - - - - - - - - - stopped force recording; unconfined condition, open leads; performed data back up
  2000-04-05 23:34:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - EM stopped, system above edge of channel
  2000-04-05 23:36:00 - - - - 0.45 NW - - 14.4 W -5.2 - EM restarted over channel edge
  2000-04-05 23:48:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - EM stopped for the night

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table15 - Data for the 12th of April. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
  2000-04-12 8:19:00 - - FI - - S - - 7.4 SE 1.8 - Data file laser: 12042000, data file sonar: 00412.asc, data file EM: 000412. stop force recording; snow
  2000-04-12 10:05:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - open water at sonar, reading = 6.59
  2000-04-12 10:30:00 - - OW - - - - - 8.7 SE 1.4 - took new zero for panels, nu120400.sp8
  2000-04-12 11:01:00 13:00:00 - - - - - - - - - 1.2 10 start new force recording; weak ice
  2000-04-12 12:04:00 - - - M 0.08 S - - - - - - ice thickness varies a lot, sonar shows up to 1m; weak ice
  2000-04-12 13:00:00 15:05:00 - - - - SSE - - 6.3 SE 2.0 10 start new force recording, weak ice
1204_0040 2000-04-12 15:05:00 17:00:00 - - M 0.10 SSE 1204_040.txt - 6.1 SE 1.8 10 start new force recording; mixed failure mode, bending and crushing, mostly bending
1204_0050 2000-04-12 17:00:00 18:36:00 - L B - SSE 1204_050.txt - 4.7 S 1.6 10 start new force recording
  2000-04-12 17:09:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - restarted TL-recorder, new tape
  2000-04-12 17:10:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - em system failed
  2000-04-12 17:14:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - restarted em system
  2000-04-12 18:36:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop force recording; set up addional accelerometers
  2000-04-12 20:30:00 - - - - - - - - - - 0.6 - accelerometers are installed, Acc_1 = Level 1, Acc_2 = Level 3, Acc_3 = Level 6 ( are still at level 8 but will be removed), Acc_4 = Level 8; no ice movement; calm wind
1204_0060 2000-04-12 22:30:00 0:00:00 - - SL - - - - 1.9 SE 1.6 1 start long term force recording

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

 

Table 16 - Data for the 13th of April. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
1304_0010 2000-04-13 0:00:00 8:30:00 - - - - - - - - - - 1 Data file  laser: 13042000, data file sonar: 00413.asc, data file em: 000413
  2000-04-13 8:30:00 - - - Sl 0.00 - - - 4.7 NE 0.4 - stop all recordings to back up data; laser recording failed overnight; stabil Ice_conditions, small loads on panel 3+5, no load on other panels
  2000-04-13 10:50:00 - - - - - - - - 4.7 NE 2.2 - no ice movement, small static load on panel 3,5 + 4
  2000-04-13 11:18:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - start sonar, laser and em data recording
1304_0020 2000-04-13 11:20:00 13:29:00 - - SL 0.00 - - - - - - 1 start long term force recording
  2000-04-13 11:30:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - measured ice thickness at em location 3 times to 32cm, freeborad = 0 cm; saw horizotally splitted ice; have taken 4 samples; water level = 63 cm below top of the panels 
1304_0030 2000-04-13 13:29:00 14:31:00 - - - - - -

1304_0031_32.mpg
1304_0033.mpg

 - - - 30 start new force recording
  2000-04-13 13:40:00 - 0.28 - B 0.05 NE - 1304_0031_32.mpg 5.6 NNE 1.4 - fog; water- and ice Temperature -0.2°C; Air temperature over the ice = 0.4 °C. Pictures: #15, #16 + #17
  2000-04-13 14:31:00 - - - - - - - 1304_0034.mpg - - - - stop force recording; ice movement has stopped
1304_0040 2000-04-13 14:33:00 - - - SL 0.00 - - - 6.6 NNE 1.4 1 start new force recording; took pictures from crushed ice samples. pictures: #23 - #26
  2000-04-13 15:30:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop and restart em recording; file name was wrong  04121117---->04131117
  2000-04-13 17:30:00 - - - SL 0.00 - - - 6.6 N - - no ice movement, static load condition; sunshine
1304_0050 2000-04-13 18:24:00 19:52:00 - - - - NE 1304_050.txt - - - - 30 start new force recording; ice starts to move again; em system failed, stop em recording
  2000-04-13 18:26:00 - 0.30 - SL - NE - - 6.8 N 1.0 - restarted em system; no real ice movement, static load; large ice wedge infront of the lighthousein NE, on the left + right side of this wedge ice is passing by; only friction forces are transmitted to the panels. Pictures: #27 + #28
  2000-04-13 19:52:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop force recording, to much open water around the lighthouse
1304_0060 2000-04-13 20:10:00 20:34:00 - R - - - 1304_060.txt - 6.8 N -0.2 30 start new force recording; passing a ridge; crack is opening in the NE
  2000-04-13 20:25:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - ice movement stopped; same scenario is described  at 18:26 h
  2000-04-13 20:34:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop force recording; no movement is expected in the near future
  2000-04-13 21:14:00 - - - - - - - - 8.3 N -0.2 - no ice movement, zero conditio, took new zero nu130400.sp8; em over open water reading = -0.33, laser reading over ice floe = 26.33
1304_0070 2000-04-13 22:07:00 23:05:00 - - - - - 1304_070.txt - - - - 10 start new force recording; ice starts to move again
1304_0080 2000-04-13 23:05:00 0:00:00 - - SL - - - - 7.2 N -0.6 1 start new force recording

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table 17 - Data for the 14th of April. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
1404_0010 2000-04-14 0:00:00 1:36:00 - - - - - - - - - - - Data file laser: 14042000, data file sonar: 00414.asc, data file em: 000414
  2000-04-14 1:30:00 - - - - - ENE - - - - - - restarted laser scanner after failure
1404_0020 2000-04-14 1:36:00 2:03:00 - - - - - 1404_020.txt - - - - 30 start new force record
  2000-04-14 1:38:00 - - - - - - - - 7.6 N -0.6 - several release cracks occured
  2000-04-14 1:40:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - rafting process infront of the lighthouse in the East at a stationary floe; in the North ice cover is passing, in the South is open water 
  2000-04-14 1:50:00 - - - B 0.08 ENE - - - - - - -
  2000-04-14 1:55:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - ice floe has stopped again in the ENE; static load condition esp. On panel 8 + 9; open water in the South
1404_0030 2000-04-14 2:03:00 8:30:00 - - - - - 1404_030.txt - 7.6 N -0.6 10 start new force recording
  2000-04-14 2:10:00 - - - SL - - - - - - - - static load on panel 8; laser reading = 26.03; sonar reading = 4.33; em ice thickness abt. 70cm
1404_0040 2000-04-14 8:30:00 9:13:00 - - - - - 1404_040.txt - 9.5 NNE 0.2 30 start new force recording
  2000-04-14 8:37:00 - - - B - - - - - - - - semi static load condition in NE
  2000-04-14 8:41:00 - - - B 0.10 SE - - - - - - new release cracks
  2000-04-14 8:46:00 - - - B - - - - - - - - unconfined condition; radial + circon. cracks see camera 2+3
  2000-04-14 8:52:00 - - - - 0.08 - - - - - - - release crack in the North, ice movement stops
  2000-04-14 9:05:00 - - - - - SE - - - - - - ice starts to move again; release crack in the South is leading to open water in the South; ice movement stops again
  2000-04-14 9:07:00 - - - B - - - - - - - - ice starts to move again; unconfined condition; open water in the South
1404_0050 2000-04-14 9:13:00 10:50:00 - - - - SE 1404_050.txt 1404_0051.mpg
1404_0052.mpg
1404_0053.mpg		 - - 0.6 10 start mnew force recording; still unconfined condition; lot of open water patches around
  2000-04-14 10:45:00 - - - - - E - - 8.6 NE 0.6 - ice wedge infront of the lighthouse in the East; ice is passing by in the North and the South; nearly no forces
1404_0060 2000-04-14 10:50:00 13:03:00 - - - - - 1404_060.txt - - - - 10 start new force recording; ice situation is clearly to be seen at camera 1 + 2; sonar reading at open water = 6.61; stop em and back up em data
  2000-04-14 11:05:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - restarted em system
  2000-04-14 11:10:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop laser and back up data
  2000-04-14 11:17:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - restarted laser data collection
  2000-04-14 12:00:00 - 0.30 - B 0.11 ESE - - 7.8 NE 1.0 - better confinement, but still release cracks in the South; single bending events
  2000-04-14 12:38:00 - - - B 0.10 ESE - - - - 1.0 - snow
  2000-04-14 12:40:00 - - - C - - - - - - - - see camera 3
  2000-04-14 12:41:00 - - - B - - - - - - - - bending failure with radial release crack in NE
  2000-04-14 12:44:00 - - - B - - - - - - - - bending failure with rad + circon cracks, see camera 1 + 2 + 3
  2000-04-14 12:47:00 - - R - - - - - - - - - -
  2000-04-14 12:51:00 - - - B - - - - - - - - very slow ice movement; bending failure in NE
  2000-04-14 13:03:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop ice force recording; ice movement has stopped
1404_0070 2000-04-14 13:06:00 16:25:00 - - - - - 1404_070.txt - 9.2 NE 0.6 10 start new force rcording
  2000-04-14 15:05:00 - 1.15 - SL 0.00 - - - 8.8 NE 0.4 - snow; static load condition on panel 7 + 2; ice thickness em = 1.2 m; ice thickness sonar = 1.1m
1404_0080 2000-04-14 16:25:00 16:55:00 0.18 L - 0.15 ESE - - 7.3 NE 0.2 30 start new force recording; unconfined condition due to open water in the North
  2000-04-14 16:34:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - em system failed
  2000-04-14 16:36:00 - - - B - - - - - - - - restarted em system; release crack in the East splits the ice flow  ---> no confinement
  2000-04-14 16:44:00 - - - M - E - - - - - - still unconfined condition due to open water in the North; mixed failure mode, crushing + bending; see camera 1. picture #30
  2000-04-14 16:55:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop force recording; open water now in North and South; no confinement
  2000-04-14 17:00:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - ice movement has stopped
1404_0090 2000-04-14 18:13:00 3:21:00 - - - - - - - 6.3 NE -0.2 1 start long term force recording
  2000-04-14 18:18:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - ice thickness em = 80-90cm  sonar = 1.3-1.4m
  2000-04-14 18:25:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  2000-04-14 20:00:00 - - - - - - - - 7.9 NE -0.4 - no ice movement; nearly no load on panels
  2000-04-14 22:39:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop em data recording
  2000-04-14 22:40:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - restart em system

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from

Table 18 - Data for the 17th of April. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Video
 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a b) c) Speed Direction   a) Speed Direction a a a
  2000-04-17 0:05:00 7:00:00 - FI - - E - - 5.4 E 1.4 1 Data file laser: 17042000, data file sonar:v, data file EM: 000417. different floe sizes
  2000-04-17 0:18:00 - - FI - - E - - 5.9 SE 1.4 1 -
  2000-04-17 7:00:00 8:00:00 - - mixed; b+c 0.15 SE - - 9.5 ESE 1.8 10 very weak ice ; sunshine
  2000-04-17 7:09:00 - 0.25 - - - - - - - - - - ice wedge in the east
  2000-04-17 7:14:00 - - R - - - - - - - - - passing ridged area
  2000-04-17 7:17:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - ice wedge inront of the lighthouse
  2000-04-17 7:20:00 0.14 - - - - - - - - - - ice wedge in the south
  2000-04-17 7:42:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - ice stopped; release crack and open water in the north; sonar zero reading = 6.48 m; low ice forces due to already rotten ice. Picture 7; 8; 9  of No. 4
  2000-04-17 7:48:00 - - small R - - - - - - - - - ice starts to move again; passing small ridge; small vibration on lighthouse
  2000-04-17 7:51:00 - - RC - - - - - - - - - release cracks are opening in NE and SE => ice wedge in the north; open water in E, S and W, 
1704_0040 2000-04-17 8:00:00 9:00:00 - - - - SE - -- 9.9 E 2.0 10 unconfined ice condition, lot of open water patches of different sizes don't allow continious ice movement and higher loads on panels; no study state is reached
  2000-04-17 8:55:00 - 0.5 - mixed, c + b - - - - - - 2.0 - better ice; more confinement
  2000-04-17 9:00:00 10:10:00 - - - - - 1704_040.txt - - - - 10 -
  2000-04-17 9:03:00 - - - mixed, c + b 0.18 SE - - 9.9 SE - - release crack; forming of wedges infront of the lighthouse leads to decreasing of forces
  2000-04-17 9:11:00 - - - mixed, c + b - - - - - - - - -
  2000-04-17 9:14:00 - - - C - - - - - - - - crushing event
  2000-04-17 9:20:00 - - R - - - - - - - - - passing a ridge
  2000-04-17 9:21:00 - - RC - - - - - - - - - ice movement stopped; release crack in the south is opening
  2000-04-17 10:12:00 11:17:00 - - - - - - - 11 E 2.4 1 open water in the south; no ice movement; static load condition on northern panels 6,5+3
  2000-04-17 11:12:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - ice moves again, but the lighthouse is now in an open lead; it is still some grounded ice in place; see camera 3
  2000-04-17 11:15:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - new ice floe is hitting the lighthouse from the south
  2000-04-17 11:17:00 12:13:00 - - mixed, c + b - SSE - - - - - 10 ice movement stopped and started again; unconfined condition due to release crack in the East; mixed failure mode in the south
  2000-04-17 11:19:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - large radial crack opens in the south
  2000-04-17 11:24:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - another release crack opens in the south
  2000-04-17 11:38 - - - - - - - - 11.6 E 2.4 - still unconfined ice condition, lot of open water patches; coverage abt. 8/10 to 9/10
  2000-04-17 11:43 - 0.10 - - 0.20 SE - - - - - - -
  2000-04-17 11:48 - 0.18 - M 0.25 SE - - - - - - mixed failure mode, bending + crushing
  2000-04-17 11:51 - - - - - - - - - - - - release crack in SE
  2000-04-17 12:13 - - - - - - - - 11.6 E 1.6 - stop force recording; very havy rain; high voltage in the air; thunder protection starts to work
  2000-04-17 12:55 - - - - - - - - 10.5 SE 1.6 - restarted em system
  2000-04-17 13:10 13:46 0.10 L C 0.22 SE - - - - - 10 start new force recording; confined ice condition; ice thickbess might be even less then 10 cm
  2000-04-17 13:15 - 0.22 - - - - - - - - - - ice is getting thicker now
  2000-04-17 13:16 - - - M - - - - - - - - bending + crushing failure; no vibration
  2000-04-17 13:19 - - - - - - - - - - - - ice wedge in the South
  2000-04-17 13:33 - - - - 0.20 SE - - - - 2.2 - -
  2000-04-17 13:40 - - - - - - - - - - - - radial crack in the South is opening; no load on panel 7 + 2
  2000-04-17 13:46 - - - - - - - - - - - - all panels are free of load; stop force recording
  2000-04-17 13:49 - - - - - - - - - - - - took new zero nu170400.sp8; sonar zero reading = 6.59; em = 1.37; laser = 1.88
  2000-04-17 14:08 14:21 - H - 0.20 SE - - 12.2 SE 2.2 30 start new force recording; rafted and ridged ice is hitting the lighthouse and splitted in the South
  2000-04-17 14:14 - - - M - - - - - - - - bending + crushing; release crack in the South
  2000-04-17 14:21 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop force recording; open crack has a length of several hundred meters
  2000-04-17 15:02 15:21 - - - 0.25 S - - - - 2.2 30 start new force recording; release crack is opening in the South
  2000-04-17 15:07 - - - B - - - - 11.6 SE - - still release cracks in the SE towards open leads
  2000-04-17 15:17 - - - - - - - - - - - - sonar open water reading = 6.63
  2000-04-17 15:21 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop force recording
1704_0090 2000-04-17 15:28 16:04 - - - - SSE 1704_090.txt - - - - 30 start new force recording
  2000-04-17 15:30 - - - M - - - - - - - - first ice contact; small crushing event followed by bending failure; unconfined condition
  2000-04-17 15:32 - - - M - - - - - - - - crushing and bending; em shows ice thickness of abt. 60 cm, due to unconfinement in the NE sonar is not showing the real ice thickness; load on panel 7, 2, 8, 9 + 1
  2000-04-17 15:36 - 0.55 - M - - - - - - - - lighthouse is vibrating a little; crushing + bending failure; em shows ice thickness of abt. 50-60cm
  2000-04-17 15:40 - 0.40 - C 0.22 S - - - - - - -
  2000-04-17 15:50 - - R C - - - - - - - - crushing through a ridge; thicker ice behind the ridge abt. 80 cm, 2 layers ???
  2000-04-17 15:53 - - R C - - - - - - - - passing the next ridged area; em shows ice thickness up to 2 m and even more
  2000-04-17 15:56 - - R C - - - - - - - - em shows ice thickness of more then 3m; still crushing; lighthouse is vibrating
  2000-04-17 15:57 - - R - - - - - - - - - got stock in the ridge; 
  2000-04-17 16:00 - - - - - - - - - - - - release crack in the South; ice starts to move again; sail will pass the em
  2000-04-17 16:04 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop force recording due to long open lead in the South
  2000-04-17 16:15 - - - - - - - - 10.6 SSE 1.8 - still open lead in the South
  2000-04-17 17:30 - 0.20 - M - SW - - 12.3 SW 1.0 - ice is turning more and more to the west; no forces can be measured
  2000-04-17 18:12 - - - - - - - - - - - - stop em recording, back up data
  2000-04-17 18:21 - - - - - - - - - - - - sonar open water reading = 6.71
  2000-04-17 19:46 - - - - - WSW - - 12.4 S 1.4 - -
  2000-04-17 21:40 - - - - - WSW - - 12.3 S 1 - rotten ice with a lot of melt puddles

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3, positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice, CP= Closed pack, FI= Floe ice, OW= Open water, BI=Broken ice, TNI= Thin new ice, FR= Finger raftning, TI=Thin ice, RI= Refrozen ice, LF=Large floes, UI= Uniform ice, U=Unconfined, RC= Release crack, NI= New ice, PU=Pile up, G= Grounded, TLI= thin level ice, RFI=Refrozen broken ice, OC= Open channel
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting, SL=Static load, M=Mixed, BU= buckling, CR=Creep
d) Temperature measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. Position 5 km from