Database for Ice Measurements at Norströmsgrund 1999

(Division of Structural Engineering, LTU)

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General

During the year the following equipment have been used:
- Load panels 1-7 and 9 (panel 9 = 8 segments), placed in the waterline. Dimensions of the panels are 1.2×1.6 m (four loads cells in the corners per panel, see progress_report.pdf and panel_dimensions.pdf)
- The panels covered approximately 144 degrees and the direction of ice-attack was from NNW to ESE.
- Ice thickness was measured by drilled holes.
- Three video cameras were used to record the movement of the ice
- Calibration parameters for the panels could be found here: calibration.pdf

Notations in the data files:
- SumPan1 = The sum of the load from all load cells in each panel (kN).
- Panel 91 = The load for the individual load cells for panel 9, in this case for load cell 1 (of eight). SumPan9 is the total sum for panel 91 to panel 98.
Ice charts

Illustration showing the location of load panels mounted on the lighthouse.
The following ice charts are available for the time period:
- ice990207.pdf
- ice990221.pdf
- ice990323.pdf
- ice990423.pdf
Ice thickness
The ice thickness was measured by LTU during the period April 9th to April 12th (holes were drilled). The survey was done along the broken channel performed by the lighthouse when the ice came to a stop and the ice situation was stable. Select: Ice_Thickness2.doc
Ice Compressive strength
During the period April 7th to April 12th 1999 five cores were taken in the vicinity of the lighthouse (core diameter 200 mm). Ice temperature, density and salinity profiles were determined. A thin section was cut, a crystal structure analysis performed and the crystal size was determined. Cubic specimen of a size of 45×90×150 cm were cut but with a bandsaw and uniaxial compression tests were performed at the lighthouse with the load direction perpendicular to the ice growth direction. The temperature of the specimen during the testing was approximately the collection temperature.
- core_A.xls
- core_B.xls
- core_C.xls
- core_D.xls
- core_E.xls
Temperature

The temperature has been measured at Rödkallen by SMHI. THe postition of Rödkallen is about 5 km north of Norströmsgrund.
- Weather data Furögrund
- Weather data Kalix
- Weather data Rödkallen
- Weather data Luleå
- Weather data Pite
Measured data during the year 1999 has been compiled for the following dates:
Table 1 - Data for the 15th of February
Table 2 - Data for the 10th of April
Table 3 - Data for the 12th of April
Table 4 - Data for the 18th of April

Table 1 - Data for the 15th of February 1999. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Video
 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a) a b) c) Speed Direction a Speed Direction a a a

1502_010

1999-02-15

16:27:00

17:28:00

-

0.2 - 0.3 m

R

C

0.2

SSE

1502_100.txt

 -

S

 -

- 

strong wind from southern directions; ice cover starts to move; loads on
segmented panel (9) and panel 1 + 2; failure mode is crushing with bending
incorporated; ridged ice with level ice floes incorporated; real time video with
camcorder kn; 17:09 start of realtime video recording camera 2. Pictures 1_28-1_37

1502_011

1999-02-15

17:28:00

18:30:00

- 

- 

 -

 -

 -

 -

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

 -

1502_012

1999-02-15

18:30:00

19:30:00

-

- 

 -

C

- 

S

- 

- 

 -

- 

25

strong vibrations; small loads on segmented panel (9); real time video still running

 

 

18:53:00

 

-

- 

R

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

- 

- 

- 

ridge is passing the lighthouse

 

 

19:02:00

 

- 

- 

 -

 -

 -

 -

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

ice wedge in front the lighthouse in the south; no load on panels

 

 

19:07:00

 

- 

- 

 -

 -

 -

 -

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

radial crack in the south is dividing the ice cover in two parts

 

 

19:10:00

 

- 

- 

 -

- 

- 

 -

- 

- 

 -

 -

 -

new ice floe is hitting the lighthouse and turns to the east

 

 

19:17:00

 

- 

- 

 -

C

- 

- 

 -

- 

- 

 -

- 

new ice floe is reaching the lighthouse;crushing with tooth pasting in the south; panel 9
in contact with ice

 

 

19:19:00

 

- 

- 

 -

B

- 

- 

 -

- 

- 

 -

 -

bending mode event; radial cracks

 

 

19:21:00

 

- 

- 

 -

B

- 

- 

 -

- 

- 

 -

 -

radial + circumferential cracks

1502_013

1999-02-15

19:31:00

21:28:00

 -

thin

L

 -

 -

S

- 

- 

 -

- 

 -

thin level ice without any ridges

 

 

19:36:00

 

 -

 -

- 

B

- 

S

- 

- 

 -

- 

 -

deloading cycles due to occurrence of cracks in the south

 

 

19:57:00

 

- 

- 

 -

 -

 -

 -

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

thicker ice is reaching the lighthouse but no significant load on panels

1502_014

1999-02-15

21:28:00

23:48:00

-

-

 -

 -

- 

S

- 

- 

 -

- 

10

ice starts to move again from the south; no load on panels

1502_015

1999-02-15

23:48:00

8:23:00

- 

- 

 -

 -

 -

 -

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

start long term measurement

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3 (numbers shown in video), positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting

Table 2 - Data for the 10th of April 1999. [TOP]

Event No. Date Load Meauring,
time period		 Video
 Ice
Thickness		 Ice
formation		 Failure
mode		 Ice drift Load
data		 Wind Air temp. Sampling
rate		 Remark
  a Start End a)   b) c) Speed Direction   Speed Direction      

1004_031

1999-04-10

0:17:00

1:17:00

1004_010.mpg

abt. 1 m

L

C

0.13

N

1004_010.txt

10

 

 

 -

 

1004_032

1999-04-10

1:17:00

2:17:00

-

 -

L

C

0.11

NNW

-

 - -

 

 -

01:35 Start real time recording of camera 1

1004_033

1999-04-10

2:18:00

3:18:00

-

abt. 0.6 m

L

C

-

 - -

8

 

1.4

 -

 

1004_034

1999-04-10

3:18:00

4:18:00

-

 -

L

C

-

 - -

-

 - - -

real time recording stopped

1004_035

1999-04-10

4:18:00

9:00:00

 1004_050.mpg

- -

C

0.15

NNE

1004_050.txt

-

 - - -

04:45 passing rubble ice field

1004_036

1999-04-10

9:00:00

10:00:00

-

 - -

C

0.11

NNW

-

 - - - -

 

 

 

9:56:00

 -

-

 - -

 -

- 

 -

-

 - - - -

 

1004_037

1999-04-10

10:00:00

11:00:00

-

 - -

C

- 

NNW

-

 - - - -

 

1004_038

1999-04-10

11:00:00

12:00:00

-

 - -

 -

- 

NNW

-

 - - - -

 

 

 

11:30:00

 -

-

 - -

-

- 

W

-

 - - - -

no loads on panels

 

 

11:45:00

 -

-

 - -

 -

0.05

NW

-

 - - - -

 

1004_039

1999-04-10

12:00:00

13:00:00

-

 - -

 -

- 

NNW

-

 - - - -

 

 

 

12:48:00

 -

 -

-

 - -

-

- 

-

 - - - -

very slow ice movement; almost stopped

1004_040

1999-04-10

13:00:00

14:00:00

 -

-

 - -

-

- 

-

 - - - -

sampling  frequency = 10Hz

 

 

13:30:00

 -

 -

-

 - - -

N

-

 - - - -

slow ice movement; load on panel 3; Foto of broken channel

 

 

13:40:00

 -

 -

-

 - -

- 

 -

-

 - - - -

wind speed and ice drift speed is increasing

1004_041

1999-04-10

14:00:00

15:03:00

 -    

C

0.05

N

- 

- 

NE to E

 - -

sampling  frequency = 10Hz

 

 

14:23:00

 -

 -

-

 - -

 -

 -

-

 - -

 -

 -

passing a ridge; zero forces due to release crack; pile up on the lighthouse abt. 6m; see photos;
see video camera 1+3; in data plot see 14:15 - 14:20

1004_042

1999-04-10

15:03:00

17:00:00

 1004_110.mpg

- -

B

0.05

N

1004_110.txt

1004_120.txt

-

 - -

- 

due to pile up in front of lighthouse upward bending failure

 

 

15:45:00

 -

- 

 - -

C

-

 - -

-

 - -

- 

the grounded ice went off; pure crushing; two times great vibrations

 

 

16:03:00

 -

- 

-

 - -

- 

NE

-

 - -

 -

- 

very high vibrations; highest loads on panel 3;

1004_043

1999-04-10

17:00:00

18:16:00

-

-

 - -

-

NE

-

 - -

 -

- 

 

 

 

17:36:00

 -

-

-

 - -

-

ENE

-

 - -

 

- 

ice has stopped

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3 (numbers shown in video), positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting

Table 3 - Data for the 12th of April 1999. [TOP]

Event No.
Date
Load Meauring,
time period
Video
Ice
Thickness
Ice
formation
Failure
mode
Ice drift
Load
data
Wind
Air temp.
Sampling
rate
Remark
   
Start
End
a)
  
b)
c)
Speed
Direction
  
Speed
Direction
      

1204_061

1999-04-12

0:05:00

12:00:00

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

1

small forces on panel 6, no loads on panel 5 + 3

 

 

0:33:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

first load on panel 5

 

 

1:04:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ice movement stopped

1204_062

1999-04-12

12:08:00

0:00:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3 (numbers shown in video), positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting

Table 4 - Data for the 18th of April 1999. [TOP]

Event No.
Date
Load Meauring,
time period
Video
Ice
Thickness
Ice
formation
Failure
mode
Ice drift
Load
data
Wind
Air temp.
Sampling
rate
Remark
   
Start
End
a)
  
b)
c)
Speed
Direction
  
Speed
Direction
      

1804_120

1999-04-18

0:16:00

7:00:00

 1804_100.mpg

 

 

 

 

 

1804_100.txt

 

 

 

 

unconfined ice condition; open water in the east of the lighthouse (see camera 1)

 

 

0:24:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

cracks in front of panel 5

 

 

0:30:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

broken ice in front of panel 5 + 6; open water in front of panel 3

 

 

0:36:00

 

 

0.3 - 0.5m

 

 

 

NNE

 

5 - 8

NNE

 

 

weak ice

 

 

1:00:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

static load; more or less no movement; unconfined condition

 

 

1:12:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NNE

 

 

wind seems to increase; one can hear that the ice is failing somewhere else but not at the
lighthouse; maybe some rafting or ridging

 

 

1:25:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

+0.4

 

ice situation is still the same

1804_121

1999-04-18

7:00:00

11:50:00

 

 

 

 

very small

ENE

 

8 - 10

NE

-0.4

10

very small movement; more or less static load condition; ice movement was from ENE the
last 2 hours with crushing failure

 

 

9:14:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

abt. 5

NE

+0.2

 

rain; no ice movement; no load on panels

 

 

11:50:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ice has moved backwards; no load on panels; open water all around the lighthouse; stopped
measurement; took new zero

1804_122

1999-04-18

11:56:00

23:59:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2 - 3

NE

+1.6

1

no ice movement; rain; snow and ice surface is melting

 

 

13:50:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

ENE

 

3 - 5

NNE

+1.6

 

ice is coming back from ENE (see camera 1+2); fog

 

 

15:50:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

NNE

+2.2

 

static load on all panels; highest load on panel 5; sunshine; see photos; see camera 1+ 2;
see picture, 21+22

 

 

17:00:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

+1.8

 

the same scenario; the same weather condition; a ridge is directed towards panel 3 (see photo #25) ;
photo #23 + #24 show under water part of old location. pictures  23-25

 

18:55:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5 - 7

N

+2.6

 

the same scenario; wind speed is a little increasing; still static load condition

 

 

20:00:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3 - 5

N

 

 

ice is moving away from the lighthouse; no load on panels. Picture 26

 

 

21:00:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ice is drifting parallel to the lighthouse from east to west; no load on the panels

 

 

21:06:00

 

 

abt. 0.5m

R

 

 

ENE

 

3 - 5

NNE

 

 

weak ice

 

 

21:45:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

static load condition; laser scanner data every 5 min for 1 h (21:12 - 22:12)

 

 

22:13:00

 

 

 

 

B

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

bending failure in the east

 

 

22:50:00

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ice movement from south to north; no load on panels

a) Camera 1, 2 and 3 (numbers shown in video), positions see illustraion above.
b) L = Level ice, H= Hummocked ice, R= Ridged ice
c) C= Crushing, B= Bending, S= Splitting